python+requests+pytest接口自动化的实现示例

1、发送get请求

#导包import requests#定义一个urlurl = "http://xxxxxxx"#传递参数payload="{/"head/":{/"accessToken/":/"/",/"lastnotice/":0,/"msgid/":/"/"},/"body/":{/"user_name/":/"super_admin/",/"password/":/"b50c34503a97e7d0d44c38f72d2e91ad/",/"role_type/":1}}"headers = {  'Content-Type': 'text/plain',  'Cookie': 'akpsysessionid=bafc0ad457d5a99f3a4e53a1d4b32519'}#发送get请求r = requests.get( url=url,headers=headers, data=payload)#打印结果print(r.text)#解码print(r.encoding)print(r.text.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape'))#先把返回的结果转换成utf-8,再去解码成中文的编码

2、发送post请求

#导包import requests#定义一个urlurl = "http://xxxxxxx"#传递参数payload="{/"head/":{/"accessToken/":/"/",/"lastnotice/":0,/"msgid/":/"/"},/"body/":{/"user_name/":/"super_admin/",/"password/":/"b50c34503a97e7d0d44c38f72d2e91ad/",/"role_type/":1}}"headers = { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain', 'Cookie': 'akpsysessionid=bafc0ad457d5a99f3a4e53a1d4b32519'}#发送post请求r = requests.post( url=url,headers=headers, data=payload)#打印结果print(r.text)

3、发送https请求

import requestsurl='https://www.ctrip.com/'#第一种解决方案,发送请求的时候忽略证书,证书的参数verify用的比较多r=requests.post(url=url,verify=False)#verify参数默认为True,值为False,表示忽略证书#第二张解决方案,verify里面添加证书的路径r=requests.post(url=url,verify='证书的路径')#verify参数默认为True,值为False,表示忽略证书print(r.text)

4、文件上传

import requestsfile = {    'filename':open('文件名称','rb')}response = requests.post("网址",file)print(response.text)

5、文件下载

#小文件下载import requestsr = requests.get("https://img.sitven.cn/Tencent_blog_detail.jpg")with open(r"D:/a.jpg", "wb") as f:    f.write(r.content)#大文件下载import requestsdef test_downloads(url, file):    s = requests.session()    r = s.get(url, stream=True, verify=False)    with open(file, "wb") as f:        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=512):            f.write(chunk) if __name__ == "__main__":    url = "https://www.url.com/test/export"    file = "D://a.xlsx"    test_downloads(url=url, file=file)

6、timeout超时

#导包import requests#循环10次for i in range(0,10):    try:        url="http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"        data={            "head":{"lastnotice":0,"msgid":"","accessToken":"89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce"},            "body":{"clinicid":"978f661e-1782-43bd-8675-b0ff1138ab7c","deptid":"09b8515b-b01b-4771-9356-aed6b5aa01bf","doctorid":"65ac0251-10ff-473a-af8a-20e8969176f7","registtype":0,"card_num":"","bcc334":"","patientopt":1,"bkc368":"1","patient":{"cardid":"","medicalcardid":"","label":"","sourcetype":1,"nationid":"01","maritalstatus":0,"address":"","company":"","jobname":"","email":"","remark":"","bcc334":"","name":"11","gender":1,"phone":"","birthdate":"2020-03-23","patienttype":1,"szsbcardid":""}}        }#发送post请求,超时时间0.03s        r=requests.post(url=url,json=data,timeout=0.03)        print(r.text)        print(r.cookies)    except:        print('error')

7、鉴权

7.1、auth参数鉴权

import requestsurl = 'http://192.168.1.1'headers = {} # 有的不带头也能请求到 不带头可以忽略这行 和headers=headers,这两处r = requests.get(url, auth=('admin', '123456'), headers=headers, timeout=10)print(r.text)

7.2、session操作

#实例化sessionsession = requests.session()#使用session发起请求response = session.post(url,headers=req_header,data=form_data)

7.3、token操作

import requestsurl="http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"json={    "head":{"accessToken":"","lastnotice":0,"msgid":""},    "body":{"username":"15623720880","password":"48028d2558577c526a017883211b4066","forceLogin":0}}r=requests.post(url=url,json=json)print(r.text)print(r.cookies)#登录成功后返回token,带入下一个接口for i in range(0,1):    try:        url="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"        data={            "head":{"lastnotice":0,"msgid":"","accessToken":"89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce"},            "body":{"clinicid":"978f661e-1782-43bd-8675-b0ff1138ab7c","deptid":"09b8515b-b01b-4771-9356-aed6b5aa01bf","doctorid":"65ac0251-10ff-473a-af8a-20e8969176f7","registtype":0,"card_num":"","bcc334":"","patientopt":1,"bkc368":"1","patient":{"cardid":"","medicalcardid":"","label":"","sourcetype":1,"nationid":"01","maritalstatus":0,"address":"","company":"","jobname":"","email":"","remark":"","bcc334":"","name":"11","gender":1,"phone":"","birthdate":"2020-03-23","patienttype":1,"szsbcardid":""}}        }        r=requests.post(url=url,json=data,timeout=0.09)        print(r.text)        print(r.cookies)    except:        print('error')

7.4、sign签名

# appid: wxd930ea5d5a258f4f# mch_id: 10000100# device_info: 1000# body: test# nonce_str: ibuaiVcKdpRxkhJAimport hashlib#需要加密的字符串stringA="appid=wxd930ea5d5a258f4f&body=test&device_info=1000&mch_id=10000100&nonce_str=ibuaiVcKdpRxkhJA";#构建一个对象为mdmd=hashlib.md5()#对stringA字符串进行编码md.update(stringA.encode()) #生成后的加密值AES=md.hexdigest()#把加密的结果,小写转大写 upper函数AES=AES.upper()print(AES)

参考微信支付:https://pay.weixin.qq.com/wiki/doc/api/jsapi.php?chapter=4_3

8、自动化模块划分

  • config 配置文件(python package)#directory和python package大同小异
  • common 公共的方法(python package)
  • testdata 测试数据(python package)
  • test_case测试用例(python package)
  • report 报告(directory)
  • run_case 测试执行(python package)
  • log 日志


8.1、config配置文件

def server_ip():    '''    ait_ip=''开发环境的服务器ip    sit_ip=''测试环境的服务器ip    :return: 返回不同服务器的地址    '''    server_add={        'dev_ip' : 'http://his.xxxxxxxxxxx.com',        'sit_ip' : 'http://his.xxxxxxxxxxxx.comm'    }    return server_add['dev_ip']------------------------------------------------------------------------------------def sql_conf():    '''    host数据库ip    user数据库用户名    password数据库密码    database:连接数据库名    port数据库端口    chrset数据库字符集 中文utf-8    :return:    '''    host='localhost'    user='root'    password='123456'    database='mysql'    port=3306    charset='utf8' #这用utf8,utf-8会报错    return host,user,password,database,port,charset

8.2、common 公共的方法

# 封装一个读取Excel表格数据的函数# 对Excel表格数据的读取需要用到一个库――xlrd库import xlrddef get_excel_value(i):    '''    读取表中一行的数据    :return:返回2,3行数据    '''    filename = r"../testdata/jiekou.xls" #文件要用相对路径    book = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)  # 打开一个工作薄,不需要手动进行关闭    # sheet = book.sheet_by_name("Sheet1") 根据工作表的名字,获取一个工作表对象    sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)  # 获取一个工作表,以index的方式,这里是获取第1个工作表    return sheet.cell_value(i,1),sheet.cell_value(i,2)# print(sheet.nrows) #打印所有行# print(sheet.ncols) #打印所有列# print(sheet.row_values(0))  #打印第一行# print(sheet.col_values(0))  #打印第一列# print(sheet.cell_value(0,1)) #打印第一行,第二列# for i in range(1, sheet.nrows):    # print(sheet.cell_value(i,1),sheet.cell_value(i,2))# 打印单元格[所有数据]的值    # str='(sheet.cell_value(i,1),sheet.cell_value(i,2)))'    # print(str)# for i in range(1, sheet.nrows):#     # for j in range(0, sheet.ncols):#         print(sheet.cell_value(i,j)) # 打印单元格[i,j]的值---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------import pymysqlfrom config.sql_conf import *def get_sql(sql):    '''    :param sql:运行查询的sql语句    :return:数据库查询结果    '''    #建立一个连接对象    host, user, password, database, port, charset=sql_conf()    db=pymysql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=password,database=database,port=port,charset=charset)    #建立一个游标    cursor=db.cursor()    #执行sql语句    cursor.execute(sql)    #把sql运行的数据保存在data变量里面    data=cursor.fetchall() #获取查询出的所有的值    cursor.close() #关闭游标    db.close() #关闭数据库连接    return data# print(get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")) #执行sql语句# print(type(get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")))

8.3、testdata 测试数据

主要存放xls,txt,csv测试数据


8.4、test_case测试用例

from common.get_mysql import get_sqlfrom config.cof import server_ipfrom common.get_excel import *from config.sql_conf import *import requests# user_id=get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")#提取数据库数据# print(user_id)#打印结果# assert get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")#断言数据库的数据是否存在def test_aokao_login():     url=server_ip()+'/service/user/login'     username,password=get_excel_value(1) #读取文件第二行数据     json={          "head":{"accessToken":"","lastnotice":0,"msgid":""},          "body":{"username":username,"password":password,"forceLogin":0}     }     # usernamepassword=get_excel_value(4)[0] #读取文件第二行数据     # print(type(usernamepassword))     # #把str类型转为字典格式 eval 函数     # json=eval(usernamepassword)     r=requests.post(url=url,json=json)     print(r.text)     assert r.status_code==200 #断言状态码是否等于200     assert '"accessToken":"89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce",' in r.text #断言返回信息是否包含accesstokendef test_aokao_registadd():     url = server_ip()+'/service/registration/registadd'     data = {          "head": {"lastnotice": 0, "msgid": "", "accessToken": "89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce"},          "body": {"clinicid": "978f661e-1782-43bd-8675-b0ff1138ab7c", "deptid": "09b8515b-b01b-4771-9356-aed6b5aa01bf",                   "doctorid": "65ac0251-10ff-473a-af8a-20e8969176f7", "registtype": 0, "card_num": "", "bcc334": "",                   "patientopt": 1, "bkc368": "1",                   "patient": {"cardid": "", "medicalcardid": "", "label": "", "sourcetype": 1, "nationid": "01",                               "maritalstatus": 0, "address": "", "company": "", "jobname": "", "email": "",                               "remark": "", "bcc334": "", "name": "11", "gender": 1, "phone": "",                               "birthdate": "2020-03-23", "patienttype": 1, "szsbcardid": ""}}     }     r = requests.post(url=url, json=data, timeout=0.09)     print(r.text)     print(r.cookies)     assert r.status_code == 200  # 断言状态码是否等于200

8.5、report 报告

主要存放html,xml报告


8.6、run_case 测试执行

import pytest'''测试文件以test_开头,(以―_test结尾也可以)测试类以Test开头,并且不能带有init 方法测试函数以test_开头断言使用基本的assert即可'''#如何去运行测试用例,_test开头的函数就可以,判断用例运行是否成功,assert断言if __name__=="__main__":    #单个文件运行,运行添加,对应的文件路径,路径要用相对路径    # pytest.main(['../test_case//test_case_01.py'])    #多个文件运行,运行添加多个对应的文件路径,列表的形式,去添加多个文件的路径    # pytest.main(['../test_case/test_fore.py','../test_case/Dynamic correlation_token.py'])    #运行整个目录,添加目录的路径    pytest.main(['../test_case/','--html=../report/report.html','--junitxml=../report/report.xml'])'''pytest生成报告:1、生成html报告'--html=../report/report.html'2、生成xml报告'--junitxml=../report/report.xml''''

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