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Ubuntu20.04环境安装tensorflow2的方法步骤

一、TensorFlow介绍

1、简介

  TensorFlow是一个基于数据流编程（dataflow programming）的符号数学系统，被广泛应用于各类机器学习（machine learning）算法的编程实现，其前身是谷歌的神经网络算法库DistBelief 。Tensorflow拥有多层级结构，可部署于各类服务器、PC终端和网页并支持GPU和TPU高性能数值计算，被广泛应用于谷歌内部的产品开发和各领域的科学研究 。TensorFlow由谷歌人工智能团队谷歌大脑（Google Brain）开发和维护，拥有包括TensorFlow Hub、TensorFlow Lite、TensorFlow Research Cloud在内的多个项目以及各类应用程序接口（Application Programming Interface, API）。自2015年11月9日起，TensorFlow依据阿帕奇授权协议（Apache 2.0 open source license）开放源代码 。

2、TensorFlow 支持的系统

  以下 64 位系统上测试过 TensorFlow 并且这些系统支持 TensorFlow：

  • python 3.53.8
  • Ubuntu 16.04 或更高版本
  • Windows 7 或更高版本（含 C++ 可再发行软件包）
  • macOS 10.12.6 (Sierra) 或更高版本（不支持 GPU）
  • Raspbian 9.0 或更高版本

二、安装步骤

1、检查确认python版本

root@ubuntuvm:~# python3 -Vpython 3.8.5

2、安装venv模块

root@ubuntuvm:/home# apt install python3-venv python3-devReading package lists… DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information… DoneThe following additional packages will be installed:libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dbg libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whlpython3-distutils python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g zlib1g-devSuggested packages:glibc-docThe following NEW packages will be installed:libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl python3-devpython3-distutils python3-venv python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g-devThe following packages will be upgraded:libc6 libc6-dbg zlib1g3 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 233 not upgraded.Need to get 21.2 MB of archives.After this operation, 56.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

3、创建项目目录

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ mkdir mytensorflowbdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ cd mytensorflow/

4、创建虚拟环境

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3 -m venv tenf

5、激活虚拟环境

bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ source tenf/bin/activate(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$

6、升级pip

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -Vpip 20.0.2 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip install --upgrade pipCollecting pipDownloading pip-21.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)|| 1.5 MB 1.0 MB/sInstalling collected packages: pipAttempting uninstall: pipFound existing installation: pip 20.0.2Uninstalling pip-20.0.2:Successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2Successfully installed pip-21.0(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -Vpip 21.0 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

7、安装tensorflow

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 install tensorflowCollecting tensorflowDownloading tensorflow-2.4.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (394.4 MB)|| 394.4 MB 4.9 kB/sCollecting tensorflow-estimator<2.5.0,>=2.4.0Downloading tensorflow_estimator-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (462 kB)|| 462 kB 24 kB/sCollecting astunparse~=1.6.3Downloading astunparse-1.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)Collecting protobuf>=3.9.2Downloading protobuf-3.14.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0 MB)|| 1.0 MB 35 kB/sCollecting gast==0.3.3Downloading gast-0.3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.7 kB)Collecting flatbuffers~=1.12.0Downloading flatbuffers-1.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)Collecting absl-py~=0.10Downloading absl_py-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (127 kB)|| 127 kB 52 kB/sCollecting wheel~=0.35Downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)Collecting termcolor~=1.1.0Downloading termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz (3.9 kB)Collecting wrapt~=1.12.1Downloading wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz (27 kB)Collecting grpcio~=1.32.0Downloading grpcio-1.32.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.8 MB)|| 3.8 MB 35 kB/sCollecting six~=1.15.0Downloading six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)Collecting typing-extensions~=3.7.4Downloading typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)Collecting tensorboard~=2.4Downloading tensorboard-2.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (10.6 MB)|| 10.6 MB 46 kB/sCollecting keras-preprocessing~=1.1.2Downloading Keras_Preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)|| 42 kB 43 kB/sCollecting h5py~=2.10.0Downloading h5py-2.10.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.9 MB)|| 2.9 MB 46 kB/sCollecting opt-einsum~=3.3.0Downloading opt_einsum-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)|| 65 kB 45 kB/sCollecting google-pasta~=0.2Downloading google_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57 kB)|| 57 kB 26 kB/sCollecting numpy~=1.19.2Downloading numpy-1.19.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (14.9 MB)|| 14.9 MB 65 kB/sCollecting markdown>=2.6.8Downloading Markdown-3.3.3-py3-none-any.whl (96 kB)|| 96 kB 66 kB/sCollecting google-auth-oauthlib<0.5,>=0.4.1Downloading google_auth_oauthlib-0.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)Collecting werkzeug>=0.11.15Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)|| 298 kB 44 kB/sRequirement already satisfied: setuptools>=41.0.0 in ./tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from tensorboard~=2.4->tensorflow) (44.0.0)Collecting tensorboard-plugin-wit>=1.6.0Downloading tensorboard_plugin_wit-1.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (781 kB)|| 781 kB 43 kB/sCollecting requests<3,>=2.21.0Downloading requests-2.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)|| 61 kB 57 kB/sCollecting google-auth<2,>=1.6.3Downloading google_auth-1.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (114 kB)|| 114 kB 37 kB/sCollecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4Downloading rsa-4.7-py3-none-any.whl (34 kB)Collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (155 kB)|| 155 kB 34 kB/sCollecting cachetools<5.0,>=2.0.0Downloading cachetools-4.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)Collecting requests-oauthlib>=0.7.0Downloading requests_oauthlib-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)Collecting pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6Downloading pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)|| 77 kB 42 kB/sCollecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2Downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kB)|| 178 kB 47 kB/sCollecting idna<3,>=2.5Downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)|| 58 kB 31 kB/sCollecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1Downloading urllib3-1.26.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (136 kB)|| 136 kB 33 kB/sCollecting certifi>=2017.4.17Downloading certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)|| 147 kB 26 kB/sCollecting oauthlib>=3.0.0Downloading oauthlib-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)|| 147 kB 36 kB/sUsing legacy ‘setup.py install' for termcolor, since package ‘wheel' is not installed.Using legacy ‘setup.py install' for wrapt, since package ‘wheel' is not installed.Installing collected packages: urllib3, pyasn1, idna, chardet, certifi, six, rsa, requests, pyasn1-modules, oauthlib, cachetools, requests-oauthlib, google-auth, wheel, werkzeug, tensorboard-plugin-wit, protobuf, numpy, markdown, grpcio, google-auth-oauthlib, absl-py, wrapt, typing-extensions, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, tensorboard, opt-einsum, keras-preprocessing, h5py, google-pasta, gast, flatbuffers, astunparse, tensorflowRunning setup.py install for wrapt … doneRunning setup.py install for termcolor … doneSuccessfully installed absl-py-0.11.0 astunparse-1.6.3 cachetools-4.2.1 certifi-2020.12.5 chardet-4.0.0 flatbuffers-1.12 gast-0.3.3 google-auth-1.24.0 google-auth-oauthlib-0.4.2 google-pasta-0.2.0 grpcio-1.32.0 h5py-2.10.0 idna-2.10 keras-preprocessing-1.1.2 markdown-3.3.3 numpy-1.19.5 oauthlib-3.1.0 opt-einsum-3.3.0 protobuf-3.14.0 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 requests-2.25.1 requests-oauthlib-1.3.0 rsa-4.7 six-1.15.0 tensorboard-2.4.1 tensorboard-plugin-wit-1.8.0 tensorflow-2.4.1 tensorflow-estimator-2.4.0 termcolor-1.1.0 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3 urllib3-1.26.2 werkzeug-1.0.1 wheel-0.36.2 wrapt-1.12.1

8、验证tensoflow2是否安装成功

1、查看安装模块及版本

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 show tensorflowName: tensorflowVersion: 2.4.1Summary: TensorFlow is an open source machine learning framework for everyone.Home-page: https://www.tensorflow.org/Author: Google Inc.Author-email: packages@tensorflow.orgLicense: Apache 2.0Location: /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packagesRequires: typing-extensions, google-pasta, protobuf, wrapt, gast, tensorboard, opt-einsum, flatbuffers, numpy, wheel, astunparse, keras-preprocessing, six, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, grpcio, absl-py, h5pyRequired-by:

2、查看import tensorflow是否报错

在这里插入图片描述

3、使用TensorFlow打印hello,Tensorflow

(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3python 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40)[GCC 9.3.0] on linuxType “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.>>> import os>>> os.environ[‘TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = ‘2'>>> import tensorflow as tf>>> tf.compat.v1.disable_eager_execution()>>> hello = tf.constant(‘Hello, Tensorflow!')>>> sess = tf.compat.v1.Session()>>> print(sess.run(hello))b'Hello, Tensorflow!'

三、FAQ

1、import tensorflow时报错无法加载动态库libcudart.so.11.0

在这里插入图片描述

解决方法：
在import tensorflow as tf语句前加上如下语句

import osos.environ[‘TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = ‘2'import tensorflow as tf

在这里插入图片描述

2、报错session属性找不到

在这里插入图片描述

原因：
报错AttributeError: module ‘tensorflow' has no attribute ‘Session'。这其实不是安装错误，是因为在新的Tensorflow 2.0版本中已经移除了Session这一模块。
解决方法：
改换运行代码，tf.compat.v1.Session()

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最后更新于 2021-10-20 16:39:14 并被添加「」标签，已有 位童鞋阅读过。

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